不定代词

不定代词，是英语语法术语，在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

定义

　　

　　

常用不定代词有：

some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。　一般来讲，修饰不定代词的词要置于其后。

由body，one，thing构成的合成代词：

somebody，anybody，everybody，nobody

someone，anyone，everyone，no one

something，anything，everything，nothing

作代词的限定词：

all，an，other，any，both，each，either

few，little，many，much，neither，none

other，some

还有不能兼作代词的限定词(形容词)(主要是every，no)。

用法

不定代词大部分可以代替名词和形容词，在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。

作主语

Both of them are teachers．他们两人都是教师。

做主语时谓语动词用复数

作宾语

I know nothing about this person．我对这个人一无所知。

作表语

This book is much too difficult for a child．这本书对一个小孩来说太难了。

作定语

There is a little water in the glass．玻璃杯里有一些水。

可以在强调一下a little,little,a few,few的区别：

a little通常带有肯定的意思，表示还有一点；而little带有否定的意思，只剩一点儿了。（little后通常加不可数名词）a few和few同上。（后通常加可数名词）口诀：有a就有（有一点），没a就没有（几乎没有）。

作状语

I can't find my book anywhere．我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。

这一句也可以表示成：

I can find my book nowhere.我在任何地方都不能找到我的书。

修饰不定代词的词，一般情况下要后置.

举例

一般不定代词用法例子

1．some 一些，某些，某个

不定代词some可以代替名词和形容词，常用在肯定句中作主语(也可以在以would,may,can,could疑问词开头的句子做主语）、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（单、复数皆可）和不可数名词。例如：

some are doctors，some are nurses．有些人是医生，有些人是护士。（作主语）

2．any一些，任何

不定代词any可以代替名词和形容词，常用在否定句或疑问句中作主语、宾语、定语等。作定语时，它可以修饰可数名词（多为复数）和不可数名词。例如：

there isn’t any ink in my pen．我的钢笔没有墨水。（作定语）

不定代词any有时也可以用在肯定句中，表示"任何的"。例如：

you may come at any time；i’ll be home the whole day．你任何时候来都行，我整天都将呆在家里 。

不定代词any也可以用作副词，做状语，表示程度。例如：

is he any better today？他今天好一点了吗？

all 全体，所有（指三者以上，包括三者）

不定代词all在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或同位语。它可以代表或修饰可数名词和不可数名词。代表或修饰可数名词时，指两个以上的人或物。作先行词时，引导词用that。例如：

All were present at the meeting．全都到会了。（作主语，代表可数名词）

4．both 全部，都

不定代词both指两个人或事物。和all一样，可以用作主语、宾语、定语或同位语。例如：

we invited both to come to our farm．我们邀请两个人都来我们的农场?（作宾语）

5．none 无人或无

不定代词none的含义和all物相反，和no one，not any同义，但其用法相当于名词，在句子中一般作主语或宾语。它代替不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；代替可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数皆可。例如：

none of the problems is /are easy to solve．这些问题没有一个是容易解决的。（作主语， 代替可数名词）

6．either 两者之中的任何一个，这个或那个。

不定代词 either 可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：

either of them will agree to this arrangment．他们两人中会有人同意这样的安排的。（作主语）

7．neither 两者都不

不定代词 neither 是 either 的否定形式，可以作主语、宾语和定语。例如：

neither is interesting．两个都没有趣。（作主语）

8．each 每个，各自的

不定代词each指每一个人或事物的个别情况，甚至指这些个别情况各不相同。它在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。例如：

she gave the children two apples each．她给了每个小孩两个苹果。（作the children的同位语。）

9．every 每个，每一的，一切的

不定代词every有"全体"的意思，和all的意义相近，但只能作定语。

I believe either method will work.（作定语） 　　10.neither 两个之中一个也不是不定代词neither是either的否定形式,可以作主语、宾语和定语.例如：　　Neither is interesting.（作主语） 　　-Did you see Mary and Jack?　　-No,I saw neither of them.（作宾语） 　　I think neither book is worth reading.（作定语） 　　注：a.不定代词neither表示"两个都不",所以汉语的"我俩都没去那儿"译成英语为"Neither of us went 　　there."而不能译成 "Both of us did not go there."后者意为"我俩没都去那儿".　　b.肯定形式的动词+neither=否定形式的动词+either.例如：　　I like neither of them.=I dont like either of them.　　11.other 其他的,另外的不定代词other相当于名词或形容词,可以在句中作主语、宾语、定语等.相当于名词时,有复数形式 　　others,还有所有格形式 others 和others.不定代词 other之前常用冠词 the.例如：　　He has two daughters .One is a teacher,the other is a nurse.（作主语） 　　Some will go swimming,others will go shopping.（作主语） 　　I have two pictures of the Great Wall here.You have seen one.Now 　　Ill show you the other .（作宾语） 　　There are other ways of helping him out of difficulty.（作定语） 　　12.another 　　另一个,又一个another是由an和other合并构成,因此,它只能代替或修饰可数的单数名词,前面不再用冠词.不定代词another可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语.例如：　　One is blind,another is deaf,and a third is lame.（作主语） 　　This shirt is too small for me.Please show me another .（作宾语） 　　She is a fool,and her husband is another.（作表语） 　　Would you like another cup of milk?（作定语） 　　You will have to stay here for another five days.（作定语,five 　　days形式上是复数,但意义上是单数,可以和another连用） 　　13.one 　　1)不定代词one指不定人称,表示人,译为"人","一个人"等.它有反身代词oneself和所有格形式ones.　　2)不定代词one也可以用来代替前面出现过的可数名词,以免重复.它有复数形式ones,可以与冠词连用,可以有自己的定语.　　不定代词one可以在句中作主语或宾语；ones只能作定语.例如：　　One has to do ones best.（one 作主语,ones作定语.） 　　Please give me the book,the one on the desk.（one作宾语）

14.none of 没有一个

作主语时谓语动词可单可双

15.（a)few (a）little（几乎没有）有一些

(a)few+可数 复数 few (指几乎没有，含否定意味）+可数

（a)little+不可数 little(指几乎没有，含否定意味）+不可数

复合不定代词

1.some, any, every, no都能和one, body, thing一起构成代词，这些代词叫复合不定代词。它们基本含义为：

指

人 somebody

someone 某人

anybody 、anyone ：任何人

everybody 、everyone：每人

nobody 、no one ：没人

指物 Something某物某事 anything任何事物 everything一切 nothing没东西

2. 一般情况下，some构成的复合不定代词，其作用和some相同，用于肯定句；any构成的复合不定代词用于否定句或疑问句；no构成的复合不定代词表示否定含义，用于否定句。如：

① I have something to tell you. 我有事要告诉你。

② He didn’t say anything at the meeting yesterday. 昨天在会上他没发言。

③ Everybody likes swimming. 每个人都喜欢游泳。

④ There is nothing wrong with your ears.

你耳朵没毛病。

3. something可用于提建议或请求的问句中，以及希望说话对方作出肯定回答的问句中。如：

Would you like something to eat? 你要吃点东西吗？

4. 复合不定代词在句子中作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：

Nobody knows his name. 没有人知道他的名字。

5. 不定代词的定语要后置。如：

Is there anything important in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸上有什么重要新闻吗？

一般的，不定代词（包括复合不定代词）在句子中，通常用第三人称单数形式

6。复合不定代词的否定。

1、“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。例如：

Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。

The teacher didn’t call everyone’s name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。

2、“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：

He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。

= He listened, but didn’t hear anything.

You haven’t called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？

= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?

1.不定式是英语动词的一种形式。它在许多情况下可省略"to",它不同于汉语动词，汉语动词只有一种形式。如：我看书。她看书。但英语要说“看”必须根据主语的人称，动作发生的时间等确定其形式。如：1）I read a book. 2）She reads a book.1）句中的“read”

是一般现在时第一人称的动词定式。2）句中的“reads”是一般现在时第三人称单数的动词定式。

I want to read a book./She wants to read a book.

我想要看书。她想要看书。其中的“看”不易确定其形式。因为动作还未发生，因此称不定式。通俗的说，就是“不一定是什么形式”

2.不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词，英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone），any（anything，anybody，anyone）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。

1) 陈述部分的主语是I，疑问部分要用 aren't I.

I'm as tall as your sister，aren't I?

2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。

I wish to have a word with you, may I?

3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。

The Swede made no answer, did he / she?

Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?

4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。

He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?

5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用don't +主语（didn't +主语）。

We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?

6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。

He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?

7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?

You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?

8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。

He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?

9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。

You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?

10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。

He must be a doctor, isn't he?

You must have studied English for three years, haven't you? / didn't you?

He must have finished it yesterday, didn't he?

11)感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。

What colours, aren't they?

What a smell, isn't it?

12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时，疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。

Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?

13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。

Everything is ready, isn't it?

14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：

a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。

Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?

b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定：

He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?

He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?

c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的定语从句，疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。

I don't think he is bright, is he?

We believe she can do it better, can't she?

15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。

This is our new headmaster, isn’t it?

Those are Japanese, aren’t they?

One should be ready to help others, shouldn’t one?

One can’t be too careful, can you?

Each of the students has a dictionary, hasn’t he?

Each of the students passed the examination, didn’t they?

None of his money is left, is it?

None of his friends are interested, are they?

None of his friends has come, has he?

Something will have to be done about the price, won’t it?

Everybody is kind to you, aren’t they?

No one left here yesterday, did they?

Someone turned that radio down, don’t they?

Neither side could win, could they?

Everything that he says is false, isn’t it?

I am older than you, aren’t I / ain’t I?

I am working now, ain’t I / am I not?

I wish to see the movie now, may I?

I wish I were you, may I?

16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。

We need not do it again, need we ?

He dare not say so, dare you?

当dare, need 为实义动词时，疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。

She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?

17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句，疑问部分用will you。

Don't do that again, will you?

Go with me, will you / won't you ?

注意： Let's 开头的祈使句，后用shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句，后用will you?

Let's go and listen to the music, shall we?

Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you ?

18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的，疑问部分用there省略主语代词。

There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?

There will not be any trouble, will there?

19)否定前缀不能视为否定词，其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。

It is impossible, isn't it?

He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?

20) must在表"推测"时，根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句。

He must be there now, isn't he?

It must be going to rain tomorrow, won't it?

快速记忆表

陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分

I aren't I

Wish may +主语

no,nothing,nobody,never,

few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义

rarely, little等否定

含义的词

ought to（肯定的） shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语

have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)

used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语

had better + v. hadn't you

would rather + v. wouldn't +主语

you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语

must 根据实际情况而定

感叹句中 be +主语

Neither…nor,

either…or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定

并列主语

指示代词或不定代词

everything,that, 主语用it

nothing,this

并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定

定语从句,宾语从句的

主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定

think,believe,expect,

suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句

everybody,anyone,

somebody,nobody,no one 复数they,单数he

情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语

dare, need 为实义动词do +主语

省去主语的祈使句will you？

Let's 开头的祈使句Shall we?

Let us 开头的祈使句Will you?

there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词）

否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式

不定代词做主语谓语动词用单数

习题

题目（第一阶段）

1.I have two pens . One is red , is blue . A. the other B. others C. other D. another

2. There wrong with my radio .

A. are something B. are anything C. is anything D. is something

3. I’m not busy . I haven’t to do .

A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything

4. His parents are doctors . A. each B. all C. both D. no one

5. Of the three foreign friends , one is from London, two are from New York .

A. other B. the other C. others D. the others

6. Mary wanted to have a word with Tom . She had to tell him .

A. important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important

7. There wrong with the machine .

A. aren’t something B. aren’t anything C. isn’t something D. isn’t anything

8. My parents and I are interested in music . A. both B. all C. neither D. no

9. Look at those students . Some are cleaning the window , are sweeping the floor . A. the other B. other C. others D. the others

10. You may keep the book for two weeks , but you mustn’t lend it to . A. other B. others C. the others D. the others

11. I study Chinese , English and some subjects . A. other B. the other C. others D. the others 12. Do they often talk to each in English ? A. others B. the other C. Other D. the others

13. Would you like milk ? A. some B. any C. little D. a few

14. Mary sings better than of he girls in her classroom . She sings best . A. some B. any C. most D. one

15. All the students had gone out . There was in the classroom . A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody

16. Now , is here . Let’s begin our meeting . A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Anybody

17. has taken my pencil by mistake . I can’t find it . A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. everybody

18. Did they find in the garden ? No , they found there .

A. anybody , nobody B. somebody , everybody C. anybody , somebody D. everybody ,

anybody

19. She made mistakes in her exercises . A. any B. another C. no D. one

20. There are fifty pupils in their class . of them are League members .

A. Both B. Either C. All D. No one

21.The students have on Sunday .

A. no any class B. not class C. no classes D. no any class

22. There isn’t on playground .

A. anyone B. everyone C. nobody D. any people

23. If you need a rubber , I’ll lend you . A. some B. one C. another D. the one

24. We have books to read . A. many B. much C. a lot D. any

25. We study Chinese , English and some subjects . A. other B. others C. the other D. the others

26. is here today except Li Ping .

A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Nobody

27. Is there in the library ? Yes, is in .

A. somebody , anybody B. anybody , nobody C. anybody , somebody D. anybody , everybody

28. I was too tired to do work . A. some B. any C. each D. either

29. I don’t like this one . Would you please show me one . A. other B. the other C. another D. others 30. Mike is stronger than in his class .

A. any boys B. any boy C. any other boy D. other boy

31. The farmers are very glad to have apple harvest . A. other B. the other C. another D. others

32. of the books is yours . They are mine . A. Both B. Either C. All D. Neither

33. He is lazy .He never does work . A. many B. no C. some D. any

34. I invited Tom and Ann to dinner , but of them came . A. neither B. both C. either D. none

35. He is busy . He has got work to do . A. some B. any C. no D. a few

36. Would you like some wine ? Yes . Just . A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit

37. Is here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody 38. The days in summer are longer than in winter . A. that B. one C. those D. these

39. If you want a ticket for a round-trip, sir, you’ll have to pay $80. A. another B. other C. others D. the other

参考答案（第一阶段）

1---5 ADDCB 6---10 DDBCB 11---15 ACABC 16---20 BAACC 21---25 CABAA 26---30 BCBCC 31---35 CDDAA 36---39 CCCA

题目（第二阶段）

不定代词

1. I have two pens . One is red , is blue .

A. the other B. others C. other D. another

2. There wrong with my radio .

A. are something B. are anything C. is anything D. is something

3. I’m not busy . I haven’t to do .

A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything

4. His parents are doctors .

A. each B. all C. both D. no one

5. Of the three foreign friends , one is from London,

two are from New York .

A.other B. the other C. others D. the others

6. Mary wanted to have a word with Tom . She had

to tell him .

A.important something B. nothing important C. anything important D. something important

7. There wrong with the machine .

A. aren’t something B. aren’t anything C. isn’t something D. isn’t anything

8. My parents and I are interested in music .

A. both B. all C. neither D. no

9. Look at those students . Some are cleaning the window , are sweeping the floor .

A. the other B. other C. others D. the others

10. You may keep the book for two weeks , but you mustn’t lend it to .

A. other B. others C. the others D. the others

11. I study Chinese , English and some subjects .

A. other B. the other C. others D. the others

12. Do they often talk to each in English ?

A. others B. the other C. Other D. the others

13. Would you like milk ?

A. some B. any C. little D. a few

14. Mary sings better than of he girls in her classroom . She sings best .

A. some B. any C. most D. one

15. All the students had gone out . There was in the classroom .

A. somebody B. anybody C. nobody D. everybody

16. Now , is here . Let’s begin our meeting .

A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. Anybody

17. has taken my pencil by mistake . I can’t find it .

A. Somebody B. Everybody C. Nobody D. everybody

18. Did they find in the garden ? No , they found

there .

A.anybody , nobody B. somebody , everybody C. anybody , somebody D. everybody , anybody

19. She made mistakes in her exercises .

A. any B. another C. no D. one

20. There are fifty pupils in their class . of them are League members .

A. Both B. Either C. All D. No one

21.The students have on Sunday .

A. no any class B. not class C. no classes D. no any class

22. There isn’t on playground .

A. anyone B. everyone C. nobody D. any people

23. If you need a rubber , I’ll lend you .

A. some B. one C. another D. the one

24. We have books to read .

A. many B. much C. a lot D. any

25. We study Chinese , English and some subjects .

A. other B. others C. the other D. the others

26. is here today except Li Ping .

A. Anybody B. Everybody C. Somebody D. Nobody

27. Is there in the library ? Yes, is in .

A. somebody , anybody B. anybody , nobody C. anybody , somebody D. anybody , everybody

28. I was too tired to do work .

A. some B. any C. each D. either

29. I don’tlike this one . Would you please show me one .

A. other B. the other C. another D. others

30. Mike is stronger than in his class .

A. any boys B. any boy C. any other boy D. other boy

31. The farmers are very glad to have apple harvest .

A. other B. the other C. another D. others

32. of the books is yours . They are mine .

A. Both B. Either C. All D. Neither

33. He is lazy .He never does work .

A. many B. no C. some D. any

34. I invited Tom and Ann to dinner , but of them came .

A. neither B. both C. either D. none

35. He is busy . He has got work to do .

A. some B. any C. no D. a few

36. Would you like some wine ? Yes . Just .

A. little B. very little C. a little D. little bit

37. Is here? No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave.

A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody

38. The days in summer are longer than in winter .

A. that B. one C. those D. these

39. If you want a ticket for a round-trip, sir, you’ll have to pay $80.

A. another B. other C. others D. the other

参考答案

01---5 ADDCB 6---10 DDBCB

11---15 ACABC 16---20 BAACC

21---25 CABAA 26---30 BCBCC

31---35 CDDAA 36---39 CCCA